Kenapa Halmahera Juga Berbentuk Huruf K Seperti Sulawesi?

Sulawesi berbentuk huruf K. Tetangganya, Halmahera, juga. Ternyata bukan kebetulan, dan bukan karena Halmahera pecahan Sulawesi. Lengan barat Halmahera adalah barisan gunung api aktif (Dukono, Ibu, Gamkonora). Lengan timurnya bekas dasar laut purba yang terdorong naik ke darat, namanya ofiolit. Gunung apinya muncul karena Lempeng Laut Maluku tenggelam ke dua arah sekaligus, ke bawah Sangihe dan ke bawah Halmahera. Di Bumi, ini sangat langka. Sulawesi dirakit dengan pola yang mirip: barat busur gunung api, timur ofiolit. Dua pulau, satu resep. Detail waktu dan urutan tabrakannya masih terus diteliti para geolog. Pulau mana lagi yang bentuknya bikin kamu penasaran? #Halmahera #Sulawesi #Geologi #MalukuUtara #LempengTektonik #GunungApi #FaktaIndonesia #Shorts Sumber ### Geologi Halmahera - Hall, R., Audley-Charles, M.G., Banner, F.T., Hidayat, S. & Tobing, S.L. (1988). Basement rocks of the Halmahera region, eastern Indonesia: a Late Cretaceous–early Tertiary arc and fore-arc. *Journal of the Geological Society, London*, 145. https://earthjay.com/earthquakes/20190714_halmahera/hall_etal_1988_halmahera_basement_rocks.pdf - Hall, R. (1987). Plate boundary evolution in the Halmahera region, Indonesia. *Tectonophysics*, 144. - Hall, R. & Nichols, G.J. Basin formation and Neogene sedimentation in a backarc setting, Halmahera, eastern Indonesia. - Hakim, A.S. & Hall, R. (1991). Tertiary volcanic rocks from the Halmahera Arc, Eastern Indonesia. *Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences*, 6(3/4), 271–288. https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/en/publications/tertiary-volcanic-rocks-from-the-halmahera-arc-eastern-indonesia/ - Ballantyne, P. (1992). Petrology and geochemistry of the Halmahera ophiolite. https://earthjay.com/earthquakes/20190714_halmahera/ballantyne_1992_halmahera_ophiolite.pdf - Milsom, J., Hall, R. & Padmawidjaja, T. (1996). Gravity fields in eastern Halmahera and the Bonin Arc. *Tectonics*, 15(1), 84–93. https://pure.royalholloway.ac.uk/en/publications/gravity-fields-in-eastern-halmahera-and-the-bonin-arc-implication/ - van Gorsel, J.T. Bibliography of Indonesian Geology, Bab North Moluccas. https://vangorselslist.com/north_moluccas.html ### Zona Tumbukan Laut Maluku - Silver, E.A. & Moore, J.C. (1978). The Molucca Sea collision zone, Indonesia. *Journal of Geophysical Research*, 83. - *Geoscience Letters* (2021). Studi gempa Laut Maluku, divergent double subduction, laju konvergensi ± 80 mm/tahun. https://geoscienceletters.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40562-021-00200-z - Rachman, G. dkk. (2022). Seismic Structure Beneath the Molucca Sea Collision Zone from Travel Time Tomography Based on Local and Regional BMKG Networks. *Applied Sciences*, 12(20), 10520. doi:10.3390/app122010520 - Relokasi hiposenter Zona Tumbukan Laut Maluku dengan jaringan BMKG (2021). *IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science* 873, 012026. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/873/1/012026 - Zhang, Q. dkk. (2017). Pemodelan double subduction Laut Maluku (rincian publikasi belum diverifikasi). ### Geologi Sulawesi - Satyana, A.H. dkk. (2011). Tectonic evolution of Sulawesi. https://tektonesiana.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/satyana-et-al_sulawesi-tectonics-hc_jcm_2011-1.pdf - van Gorsel, J.T. Bibliography of Indonesian Geology, Bab Sulawesi. https://www.vangorselslist.com/sulawesi.html - Seismotectonics of Sulawesi, Indonesia (2024). *Tectonophysics*. https://www.gep.ncu.edu.tw/storage/thesis/2024/2024%20%20Po-Fei%20CHEN_Tectonophysics.pdf - Hall, R. (2002). Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific. *Journal of Asian Earth Sciences*, 20. ### Gunung api (instansi resmi) - Badan Geologi, Kementerian ESDM. "Gunungapi Dukono: Sentra letusan tanpa henti di Timur Indonesia". https://www.esdm.go.id/id/berita-unit/badan-geologi/gunungapi-dukono-sentra-letusan-tanpa-henti-di-timur-indonesia - MAGMA Indonesia (PVMBG), Tingkat Aktivitas Gunung Api. https://magma.esdm.go.id/v1/gunung-api/tingkat-aktivitas ### Luas pulau - Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG). https://big.go.id - BPS Provinsi Maluku Utara. https://malut.bps.go.id - BPS (Statistik Indonesia). https://www.bps.go.id