Big and Chunky: Exploring the Evolution of Hippos

Please enjoy this episode focusing on the evolution of everyone's favorite hungry, hungry large mammals. https://www.patreon.com/c/DrPolaris?vanity=user Thumbnail art by Rudolf Hima. Sources used for this episode: Blondel, Cécile (2001). "The Eocene-Oligocene ungulates from Western Europe and their environment" (PDF). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 168 (1–2): 125–139. Bibcode:2001PPP...168..125B. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00252-2. Hooker, J. J. (2001). "A New Species of Amphirhagatherium (Choeropotamidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Late Eocene Headon Hill Formation of Southern England and Phylogeny of Endemic European 'anthracotherioids'". Palaeontology. 44 (5): 827–853. Bibcode:2001Palgy..44..827H. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00203. Houssaye, Alexandra; Martin, Florian; Boisserie, Jean-Renaud; Lihoreau, Fabrice (13 March 2021). "Paleoecological Inferences from Long Bone Microanatomical Specializations in Hippopotamoidea (Mammalia, Artiodactyla)". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 28 (3): 847–870. doi:10.1007/s10914-021-09536-x. ISSN 1064-7554. Jukar, Advait M.; Patnaik, Rajeev; Chauhan, Parth R.; Li, Hong-Chun; Lin, Jih-Pai (September 2019). "The youngest occurrence of Hexaprotodon Falconer and Cautley, 1836 (Hippopotamidae, Mammalia) from South Asia with a discussion on its extinction". Quaternary International. 528: 130–137. Bibcode:2019QuInt.528..130J. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.01.005. S2CID 133765385. Lihoreau, F.; Boisserie, J-R.; Manthi, F. K.; Ducrocq. S. (2015). "Hippos stem from the longest sequence of terrestrial cetartiodactyl evolution in Africa". Nature Communications. 6: 6264. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.6264L. doi:10.1038/ncomms7264. PMID 25710445. Luccisano, Vincent; Sudre, Jean; Lihoreau, Fabrice (2020). "Revision of the Eocene artiodactyls (Mammalia, Placentalia) from Aumelas and Saint-Martin-de-Londres (Montpellier limestones, Hérault, France) questions the early European artiodactyl radiation". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (19): 1631–1656. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18.1631L. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1799253. S2CID 221468663. Martino, Roberta; Ríos, Maria Ibanez; Mateus, Octavio; Pandolfi, Luca (December 2022). "Taxonomy, chronology, and dispersal patterns of Western European Quaternary hippopotamuses: New insight from Portuguese fossil material". Quaternary International. 674–675: 121–137. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2022.12.010. Martino, R.; Rook, L.; Mateus, O.; Pandolfi, L. (2023). "The Late Miocene hippopotamid, Archaeopotamus pantanellii nov. comb., from the Casino Basin (Tuscany, Italy): paleobiogeographic implications". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 36 (4): 891–904. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2194912. hdl:10261/307410. Miller, Ellen R.; Gunnell, Gregg F.; Gawad, Mohamed Abdel; Hamdan, Mohamed; El-Barkooky, Ahmed N.; Clementz, Mark T.; Hassan, Safiya M. (September 2014). "Anthracotheres from Wadi Moghra, early Miocene, Egypt". Journal of Paleontology. 88 (5). Paleontological Society: 967–981. Bibcode:2014JPal...88..967M. doi:10.1666/13-122. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 129437288. Orliac, M.; Boisserie, J.-R.; MacLatchy, L.; Lihoreau, F. (2010). "Early Miocene hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid origin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (26): 11871–11876. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10711871O. doi:10.1073/pnas.1001373107. PMC 2900691. PMID 20547829. Pickford, Martin (2006). "Sexual and individual morphometric variation in Libycosaurus (Mammalia, Anthracotheriidae) from the Maghreb and Libya". Geobios. 39 (2): 267–310. Bibcode:2006Geobi..39..267P. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2004.06.006. Rivals, Florent; Belyaev, Ruslan I.; Basova, Vera B.; Prilepskaya, Natalya E. (2023-02-01). "Hogs, hippos or bears? Paleodiet of European Oligocene anthracotheres and entelodonts". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 611 111363. Bibcode:2023PPP...61111363R. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111363. ISSN 0031-0182. Romano, Marco; Manucci, Fabio; Bellucci, Luca (2024-07-30). "Body mass estimate and in-vivo reconstruction of Hippopotamus antiquus from Figline, Upper Valdarno (Tuscany)". Historical Biology. 37 (6): 1541–1552. doi:10.1080/08912963.2024.2380358. ISSN 0891-2963. Scribano, L.; Lihoreau, F.; Houssaye, A.; Nekoulnang Djetounako, C.; Boisserie, J.-R. (2026). "Postcranial anatomy of the Miocene hippopotamoids of Toros-Menalla, Chad". Journal of Anatomy. doi:10.1111/joa.70135. PMID 41852153. Tsagkogeorga, Georgia; McGowen, Michael R.; Davies, Kalina T. J.; Jarman, Simon; Polanowski, Andrea; Bertelsen, Mads F.; Rossiter, Stephen J. (September 2015). "A phylogenomic analysis of the role and timing of molecular adaptation in the aquatic transition of cetartiodactyl mammals". Royal Society Open Science. 2 (9) 150156. Bibcode:2015RSOS....250156T. doi:10.1098/rsos.150156. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 4593674. PMID 26473040.